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Litigation

The Digitalisation of Enforcement Proceedings in Ukraine

On 7 April 2026, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted, and on 21 April 2026 the President of Ukraine signed, Law of Ukraine No. 4833-IX 'On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Simplifying Enforcement Proceedings Through Digitalisation' (the 'Law'), which introduces a comprehensive reform of the system of compulsory enforcement of decisions and the digitalisation of certain stages of enforcement proceedings.

In substance, this Law is one of the most large-scale reforms in the field of enforcing court decisions in recent years, since it changes not only individual technical aspects of the work of state and private enforcement officers but in fact creates a new model of enforcement proceedings — digital, automated, and integrated with the state's banking, registration, and financial infrastructure.

The key idea of the Law is the transition from a manual mechanism of enforcing decisions, which largely depended on the actions of a particular state or private enforcement officer, to a maximally automated system in which the main processes — identifying the debtor, detecting assets, seizing funds, writing off sums of money, and lifting restrictions — are carried out automatically.

The key innovations provided for by the Law include the following:

Expanding the Content of the Enforcement Document: a Digital Profile of the Debtor

One of the key innovations is a substantial expansion of the list of information that must be stated in the enforcement document.

Whereas previously such a document contained mainly minimal identifying details of a party, the new model envisages the actual creation of a digital profile of the debtor.

For natural persons, this includes, in particular:

  • the unique record number in the Unified State Demographic Register;
  • a telephone number;
  • an email address;
  • the details of electronic wallets.

For legal entities and individual entrepreneurs:

  • the USREOU code / taxpayer registration number;
  • bank details;
  • data on accounts and electronic payment instruments.

The practical significance of this innovation lies in significantly simplifying the identification of the debtor and quickly matching a person with their assets.

Automation of Enforcement Proceedings

The Law provides for the maximum removal of the human factor from certain stages of compulsory enforcement.

In particular, the following are introduced:

  • the automatic distribution of proceedings among enforcement officers;
  • integration with banks, state registers, and payment services;
  • interaction with electronic money issuers;
  • the automatic generation of notices of debt repayment;
  • the automatic lifting of seizures;
  • the automatic unblocking of accounts after debt repayment.

Thus, the Automated Enforcement Proceedings System becomes the central instrument for implementing court decisions.

The Unified Register of Debtors as a Control Tool

The Law substantially strengthens the practical significance of the Unified Register of Debtors.

Banks, notaries, investment companies, bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, depository institutions, and other entities are required to check clients against the Unified Register of Debtors before carrying out certain actions.

If a person is found in the Unified Register of Debtors, then:

  • the relevant operations are refused;
  • the alienation of property is prohibited;
  • the enforcement officer is notified of the attempt no later than the following day.

In effect, the Unified Register of Debtors is being transformed from an information database into an active mechanism of financial control.

Seizure and Recovery of Electronic Money

For the first time at the legislative level, the mechanism for levying execution on electronic money has been regulated in detail.

It is provided that such assets:

  • are subject to seizure;
  • such funds are not merely blocked — the electronic money issuer (a payment institution / financial company) is required to exchange the electronic money for fiat funds;
  • after such an exchange, the relevant institution transfers the funds to the account of the state enforcement service body or the private enforcement officer.

This eliminates the possibility of using electronic wallets as a tool for concealing assets.

A New Order of Priority for Levying Execution

The Law establishes a clear order of priority for levying execution on a debtor's assets.

In the first instance, execution is levied on:

  • funds in accounts;
  • cash;
  • electronic money;
  • valuables held in safekeeping.

Only where such assets are insufficient is it permitted to levy execution on other property, namely: real estate, vehicles, equipment, and so on.

Ending the Practice of Using Deposits to Avoid Enforcement

The Law provides for:

  • a ban on extending a deposit after its seizure;
  • the mandatory write-off of funds upon expiry of the deposit term.

Thus, term deposits cease to be an effective tool for delaying the enforcement of a decision.

Expanding the List of Funds Protected from Seizure

Despite the strengthening of enforcement mechanisms, the Law also expands the list of assets that cannot be seized. These include:

  • special accounts for VAT, excise duties, and certain programmes;
  • compensation for destroyed property;
  • certain transit payments;
  • the funds of clients of investment institutions.

In addition, the restriction on levying execution on a debtor's sole home has been retained.

Thus, if the amount of recovery does not exceed 50 minimum wages (as of 2026, more than UAH 400,000), the enforcement officer has no right to seize the debtor's sole immovable property — for example, an apartment or a house.

Exception: the recovery of alimony, damages for criminal offences, or where the home itself is the subject of a mortgage.

Seizure of Third Parties' Funds

The Law provides for the possibility of seizing the funds and electronic money of third parties who have a debt to the debtor confirmed by a court decision.

This innovation is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings, since it makes it possible to focus not only on the debtor's own assets but also on their property claims against other persons.

The practical significance of such a mechanism lies in preventing situations where funds are effectively beyond the debtor's direct control but are nonetheless payable to them.

Thus, the change broadens the tools for enforcing court decisions, promotes the actual repayment of debt, and makes it harder to use schemes aimed at artificially distancing assets from the enforcement procedure.

Amendments to the Commercial and Civil Procedure Codes of Ukraine

The Law also amends procedural legislation.

In particular, an obligation has been established for the claimant, already at the stage of filing a claim or an application for securing a claim, to state the bank account details for crediting funds.

This is aimed at the prompt and unimpeded enforcement of a court decision.

Conclusions

Law of Ukraine No. 4833-IX 'On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Simplifying Enforcement Proceedings Through Digitalisation' is not merely a technical package of amendments, but a comprehensive reform of the system of compulsory enforcement of decisions in Ukraine.

Its main aim is:

  • the digitalisation of enforcement proceedings;
  • the integration of financial and state systems;
  • minimising the human factor;
  • reducing enforcement timelines;
  • making it impossible for a debtor to conceal assets.

For claimants, this means a substantial increase in the chances of the actual enforcement of court decisions.

For debtors, it means a significant narrowing of the opportunities to delay the procedure or conceal assets.

For legal practice as a whole, it is a transition to a new model in which the key disputes may concern not only the existence of a debt, but also the limits of permissible automated interference in a person's property sphere.

In short, Law of Ukraine No. 4833-IX 'On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Simplifying Enforcement Proceedings Through Digitalisation' is a step towards a model in which a court decision has not only legal force, but also a real and rapid mechanism of enforcement.

Vladyslav Levchenko, Associate at LCF Law Group, exclusively for YurLiga.